20% ala-pdt with blue light (bl, levulan® kerastick and blu-u)  (DUSA Pharmaceuticals)

Journal: Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft

Article Title: Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: established and new indications

doi: 10.1111/ddg.15464

Figure Lengend Snippet: Currently commercially available formulations of photosensitizers.

Article Snippet: Levulan ® Kerastick ® (DUSA Pharmaceuticals) , 20% ALA hydrochloride , 14–18 h , approved in the USA in combination with BLU‐U ® light.

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: An Update on Recent Advances of Photodynamic Therapy for Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051328

Figure Lengend Snippet: The mechanism of photodynamic therapy for primary cutaneous lymphomas. The uptake of different photosensitizers (PS) into organelles depends on the cell type and photosensitizers used. Silicon phthalocyanine (Pc 4), methyl aminolevulinic acid (MAL), 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), and hypericin are the photosensitizers used in experimental lymphoma cell studies or clinical studies. After light absorption, the photosensitizer (PS) is excited to a singlet state ( 1 PS) and undergoes intersystem crossing to the excited triplet state ( 3 PS). The excited triplet PS transfers its electrons to the neighbor biomolecules or oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROSs), superoxide anion radical (O2•−), and hydroxyl radical (OH•) (Type I reaction) and/or by a Type II reaction through direct energy transfer to generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O2) to return to the ground state PS. Figure created with BioRender.com.

Article Snippet: The most-common topical PS used today in dermatology is aminolevulinic-acid (ALA)-based, such as a 20% ALA solution (Levulan Kerastick ® , Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mumbai, India) and a 10% gel form of ALA (Ameluz, Biofrontera AG, Leverkusen, Germany) for non-melanoma skin cancers [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: An Update on Recent Advances of Photodynamic Therapy for Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051328

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive treatment in primary cutaneous lymphomas in 2 patients. A 63-year-old woman with stage IIA mycosis fungoides who received oral retinoid acid and UVB phototherapy except for the face due to the fear of skin darkening. ( a ) There are a few well-demarcated scaly erythematous patches on the forehead that responded poorly to topical treatments. ( b ) 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT consisted of 50 J/cm 2 visible light (MediLED PDT, Mediland, Taoyuan City, Taiwan) irradiance after occlusion of 5-aminolevulinic acid (Ameluz, Biofrontera AG, Leverkusen, Germany) for 3 h given every other week for 3 sessions, and strong fluorescence was shown under Wood’s light examination. ( c ) After 3 treatment sessions, the erythematous scaly patches over the forehead improved greatly, although a histological exam over the right forehead lesion revealed residual atypical lymphocytes. ( d ) A 56-year-old woman with mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis developed new crops of papules over the V-chest despite being under treatments with twice-weekly PUVA phototherapy and weekly 10 mg oral methotrexate. ( e ) Vivid coral-red fluorescence was detected under Wood’s lamp illumination after occlusion with ALA for 3 h. ( f ) Significant improvement was achieved after a single treatment with 100 J/cm 2 visible light irradiation at 2-week follow-up.

Article Snippet: The most-common topical PS used today in dermatology is aminolevulinic-acid (ALA)-based, such as a 20% ALA solution (Levulan Kerastick ® , Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mumbai, India) and a 10% gel form of ALA (Ameluz, Biofrontera AG, Leverkusen, Germany) for non-melanoma skin cancers [ ].

Techniques: Fluorescence, Irradiation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: An Update on Recent Advances of Photodynamic Therapy for Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051328

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photosensitizers being utilized in primary cutaneous lymphomas in in vitro studies or registered clinical trials.

Article Snippet: The most-common topical PS used today in dermatology is aminolevulinic-acid (ALA)-based, such as a 20% ALA solution (Levulan Kerastick ® , Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mumbai, India) and a 10% gel form of ALA (Ameluz, Biofrontera AG, Leverkusen, Germany) for non-melanoma skin cancers [ ].

Techniques: In Vitro, Animal Model